Archives: Useless Facts

What was the first message sent by Morse code, a communications language created by Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail, originally to be used with the telegraph.

Morse code was the earliest form of digital communications, since the on and off code is equivalent to “on” and “off” and until voice communication was perfected, was the only way to quickly transmit messages over long distances.

Human cells normally have 46 chromosomes, based on 23 pairs – one from each parent. 22 of the pairs are called autosomes – they look the same in both males and females, while the 23rd pair (referred to as the sex chromosomes) differs between males and females. Females have two copies of the X chromosome, while males have one X and one Y chromosome.

The animal with the fewest chromosomes is the Australian Jack Jumper Ant (Myrmecia pilosula) that has only one chromosome in the male of the species, while the female has two. When an organism has only a single set of chromosomes it is referred to as being “haploid” while organisms with two sets are “diploid.”

The mammal with the smallest number of chromosomes is the Indian muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak), a species of deer native to Southeast Asia in which the female has 7 and the male 6 chromosomes.

How many chromosomes are normally in each human a cell?

In 1819, Francois-Louis Cailler developed the recipe that transforms cocoa beans into a chocolate bar and Rudolph Lindt, also Swiss, eventually perfected the process by adding cocoa butter. By the late 1860s, Jean Tobler formulated the Toblerone bar and in 1875 Daniel Peter combined cocoa powder with milk, creating milk chocolate. Henri Nestlé formed the Swiss Chocolate Society, which we now know as the Nestlé company.
Although there are larger countries whose population in the aggregate consume more chocolate, Switzerland is the country where on average, each Swiss citizen or resident eats more than 23 pounds of chocolate every year – the most of any country in the world on a per capita basis.
Curiously, and without implying there is any bias or favoritism, The New England Journal of Medicine once published a research study correlating chocolate consumption with the number of Nobel Prizes won by its citizens. According to the study, Switzerland comes in second, only behind Sweden, in Nobel prize winning laureates on a per capita.
How sweet is that?

Which country consumes the most chocolate per capita?

The oldest national park in the United States is Yellowstone National Park, located mostly in northwestern Wyoming and partially in Montana and Idaho. Established by legislation passed by the U.S. Congress and signed by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872, it is widely considered the first national park in the world
(Note: some have indicated there is evidence that Bogd Khan Mountain National Park in Mongolia was first dating back to 1778).
The United States has 63 national parks, all operated by the National Park Service, which is an agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior, and California has the largest number (9) of any state in the United States.

What was America’s (and actually the world’s) first national park?

Winona Ryder was born, Winona Laura Horowitz, in Winona, Minnesota on October 29th (and, in the words of Robert Frost, “a diplomat is a man who always remembers a woman’s birthday but never remembers her age”).

What Minnesota town was actor Winona Ryder born in?

Neptune has 14 known moons, with Triton, the largest, discovered on October 10, 1846, by William Lassell – 17 days after Johann Gottfried Galle discovered the planet itself. Triton is the only large moon in the solar system that circles its planet in a direction opposite to the planet’s rotation and scientists speculate that it might have once been an independent object that was captured by Neptune’s gravitational pull.

Because Neptune was named for the Roman god of the sea, its moons are named for various lesser Greek mythological sea gods and nymphs and for those astronomer wanna-be’s out there, from closest to farthest away from the planet, they are: Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Galatea, Larissa, Hippocamp, Proteus, Triton, Nereid, Halimede, Sao, Laomedeia, Psamathe, and Neso.